Risk factors and chemical composition of urolithiasis as seen at Saint Francis Referral Hospital and medical teaching Hospital Morogoro-Tanzania

Abstract

Background: Urinary Stone Disease also known as urolithiasis affects mankind worldwide which has been rarely reported in African population. However, seems to increase as the increase of population growth. Change of life style and dietary habits in African population, effects of climate change and advancement of diagnostic facilities in most countries may contributary factor for increased reported cases. Methods: This was 1-year descriptive analytical cross-sectional hospital-based study, conducted from June 2023 to May 2024 by using structured data collection tool, laboratory results and X-Ray Inflorescence stone chemical analysis. Data analysis was done by using SPSS software 26 version. Results: A total of 938 patients were admitted in urology department during 12months the study period of which 5.22% were diagnosed to have urinary tract stones. Majority of participants were male 81.63% and female accounted for 18.37% making M: F 5.4:1. The commonest urinary stone location was urinary bladder accounting for 46.94%. The majority of patients 97.94% had calcium as the main mineral component in the stones. The most common type of calcium stone was Calcium phosphate 29% of all cases in this study. Conclusion: Compared to western countries, in our setup, urolithiasis affected persons of low socioeconomic status whereby urinary bladder stones were the most common.